The master’s thesis in the Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Science, Al-Qadisiyah University, entitled “Environmental and Toxicological Evaluation of Lead Nitrate on the Physiological and Histopathological Changes in Female Alpine Rats,” was presented by researcher Roza Jihad Jabr, under the supervision of Assistant Professor Dr. Walaa Abbas Abdul-Ridha.

The study aimed to theoretically estimate the presence of lead nitrate using lead and nitrate levels in soil and some fruits in the city center of Al-Diwaniyah and its districts. It also aimed to evaluate the toxicological effect of three concentrations of lead nitrate on biochemical indicators and histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, and ovaries of female rats.

The study recommended raising awareness among farmers in Diwaniyah about reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers. It also recommended investigating the protective effect of antioxidants such as vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine, and using advanced tissue techniques to differentiate between apoptosis and necrosis.