A doctoral thesis in the Department of Life Sciences at the College of Science at Al-Qadisiyah University, titled “Physiological Responses and Molecular Genetics of Borago Officinalis (Borago officinalis L.) Under the Influence of Irradiation and Nanoparticles,” was conducted by researcher Mohsen Aziz Kreih and supervised by Prof. Dr.  Intizar Abbas Marhoun

The study aimed to investigate the effects of gamma rays and zinc and magnesium nanoparticles, individually, and their interactions on some vegetative, chemical, and genetic traits of Borago officinalis. The results showed that the use of a radiation dose of 140 Gy and spraying with zinc nanoparticles led to a significant increase in vegetative traits, antioxidant enzymes, and growth regulators (auxins and gibberellins).

The study recommended conducting additional molecular studies using different primers and techniques other than RAPD, as well as conducting further field and laboratory experiments on other medicinal plants at the same concentrations used in this study.