A master’s thesis was discussed in the Department of Life Sciences, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, entitled “Molecular Characterization of Some Beta-Lactamase Enzymes Produced by Echinacea Bacteria from Cases of Diarrhea in Diwaniyah.” The thesis was presented by researcher Zahraa Asiud Raja, under the supervision of Professor Ahlam Ali Sakhi. The aim of the thesis was to isolate and identify Shigella spp. using phenotypic and genetic methods. This was achieved by using 16S rRNA from children of both sexes from the Women’s and Children’s Hospital and Al-Hussein Children’s Hospital in Diwaniyah. The thesis also investigated the ability of bacterial isolates to produce genes encoding virulence factors such as pic, sigA, ipaH, invE, virF, and ial. The most important conclusions were that Shigella spp. are among the pathogens that cause diarrheal infections in children. Genetic analysis results also showed that S. sonnei bacteria are the most frequent among the remaining Shigella species, according to an evolutionary tree analysis. The most important recommendations are to spread awareness about the prevention of diarrhea, to emphasize water and food hygiene, to encourage breastfeeding, and to highlight its benefits in protecting against many diseases, especially diarrhea. Further studies should also be conducted on Shigella spp. to identify the factors associated with the pathogenicity of this bacterium, and to inhibit the virulence factors that help it evade the immune system.