The Master’s thesis at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qadisiyah University, entitled “A Study of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Against Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from the Upper Respiratory Tract of Cattle in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate,” was presented by researcher Farqad Rashid Hamid and supervised by Assistant Professor Dr. Ghassan Khudair Ismail.

The study aimed to isolate and identify K. pneumoniae in infected cattle from the upper respiratory tract and to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns using phenotypic methods, including antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolated strains.  In addition to assessing the gene expression levels of beta-lactamase and carbapenemase enzymes, and correlating gene expression with phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials using an integrated molecular approach with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, the study showed that K. pneumoniae isolates from cattle with respiratory diseases exhibited high resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and moderate resistance to carbapenems. Furthermore, tigecycline and aminoglycosides remained effective against most isolates.