The study aimed to analyze the histological, histochemical, and gene expression differences in the ileum between camels and buffaloes, by examining samples taken from three main regions of the small intestine: (proximal to the jejunum (the beginning of the ileum), the middle region of the ileum).

The results of the study yielded an interesting comparative analysis between buffaloes and camels, highlighting each animal’s adaptation to its specific environment at the immunological and functional levels.